Mortality trends from congenital malformations of the heart and the great vessels in children and adults in the seven socioeconomic regions of Mexico, 2000-2015.

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a global health problem. In Mexico, in children <1 year of age it is the second cause of mortality. The aim was to determine mortality trends from CHD and the great vessels in children and adults nationwide, by state and socioeconomic region. METHODS: Records of mortality associated to CHD and the great vessels for 2000-2015 were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. This information is collected from death certificates issued nationwide. International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, codes corresponding to the basic cause of death from CHD and the great vessels. To calculate mortality rates for individuals ≥1 year of age, population counts from the national population, estimated by the National Population Council for 2000-2015, were used in the denominator; for infant mortality, live birth counts were used. Rates of mortality nationwide, by state, and by socioeconomic region were calculated. The seven socioeconomic regions were elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography and include the 31 states and Mexico City according to indicators that are related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing, and employment. RESULTS: In the period 2000-2015, 70 741 individuals among children and adults died from CHD. Age-adjusted mortality rate per 100 000 individuals increased from 3.3 to 4. In the age group <1 year of age, mortality rate per 100 000 live births increased from 143.9 to 217.3. CONCLUSIONS: In the period 2000-2015, age-adjusted mortality rate per 100 000 individuals increased from 3.3 to 4. Mexico City as region 7 had the highest mortality from CHD and the great vessels.

Tendencias de mortalidad y años potenciales de vida perdidos por cáncer de ovario en México, 2000-2014.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En México, el cáncer de ovario representa 5.3 % de los diagnósticos de cáncer en todos los grupos de edad y 21 % de los cánceres ginecológicos; en las últimas tres décadas ha tenido un aumento constante. OBJETIVO: Determinar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer de ovario y los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP) por estado y región socioeconómica de México entre 2000 y 2014. MÉTODO: Se obtuvieron los registros de cáncer de ovario del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Se identificaron los códigos de la CIE-10 correspondientes a la causa básica de defunción por cáncer de ovario. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad y las tasas de APVP a nivel nacional, por estado y región socioeconómica. RESULTADOS: Entre 2000 y 2014, las tasas ajustadas por edad por 100 000 mujeres se incrementaron de 3.3 a 4.1. Las mayores tasas de mortalidad se identificaron en la región 7, en Chihuahua, Baja California Sur, Colima, Quintana Roo, Zacatecas, Sonora, Coahuila, Aguascalientes, Querétaro. La mayor tasa de APVP por cáncer de ovario se registró en las regiones 7, 5 y 6, en Nayarit, Baja California Sur, Zacatecas, Colima, Tlaxcala, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Coahuila, Aguascalientes y Querétaro. CONCLUSIONES: La región socioeconómica 7 de México presentó las mayores tasas de APVP y de mortalidad por cáncer de ovario. INTRODUCTION: In Mexico, ovarian cancer accounting for 5.3% of cancer diagnoses in all age groups and 21% of gynecological cancers and it has had a steady increase in the last three decades. OBJECTIVE: To determine mortality trends from ovarian cancer and potential years of life lost (PYLL) by state and socioeconomic region of Mexico between 2000 and 2014. METHOD: Records of ovarian cancer were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. ICD-10 codes corresponding to ovarian cancer as the basic cause of death were identified. Mortality rates and YPLL rates were calculated by nationwide, states and socioeconomic region. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2014, age-adjusted rates per 100,000 women increased from 3.3 to 4.1. The highest mortality rates were identified in region 7, in Chihuahua, Baja California Sur, Colima, Quintana Roo, Zacatecas, Sonora, Coahuila, Aguascalientes and Queretaro. The highest rates of PYLL due to ovarian cancer were recorded in regions 7, 5 and 6, Nayarit, Baja California Sur, Zacatecas, Colima, Tlaxcala, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Coahuila, Aguascalientes and Queretaro. CONCLUSIONS: Mexico's socioeconomic region 7 had the highest rates of PYLL and mortality from ovarian cancer.

Tendencias de mortalidad y riesgo de muerte por tuberculosis pulmonar en las 7 regiones socioeconómicas y los 32 estados de México, 2000-2009 / Mortality Trends and Risk of Dying From Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the 7 Socioeconomic Regions and the 32 States of Mexico, 2000-2009

Introducción: La tuberculosis (TB) es un problema de salud pública mundial que continúa teniendo una morbimortalidad elevada, principalmente en los países con más desigualdades económicas. Se ha observado que la pobreza, la desnutrición, la infección por VIH, la resistencia a medicamentos, la diabetes y las adicciones, principalmente el alcoholismo, son factores que han contribuido a producir la persistencia de a TB como problema de salud pública importante en México. Métodos: Se obtuvieron los registros de mortalidad asociada a la tuberculosis pulmonar (TBP) correspondientes al periodo 2000-2009 a partir del Sistema Nacional de Información de la Secretaría de Salud. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad nacionales, por estados y por regiones socioeconómicas. Se determinó la fuerza de asociación de los estados en los que residían los individuos, las regiones socioeconómicas y el nivel de estudios con la mortalidad por TBP. Resultados: Las tasas de mortalidad debida a TBP por 100.000 habitantes ajustadas por edad disminuyeron de 4,1 a 2 entre 2000 y 2009. Los varones (67,7%) presentaron una mortalidad superior a la de las mujeres (32,3%). En los individuos que no habían completado los estudios primarios el riesgo de muerte por TBP fue superior (RR 1,08 [IC 95%: 1,05-1,12]). Las regiones socioeconómicas y las entidades con mayor fuerza de asociación fueron la región 1, 5, Chiapas y Baja California. En 2007 la región 1 presentó un RR de 7,34 (IC 95%: 5,32-10,13), y en 2009 la región 5 presentó un RR de 10,08 (IC 95%: 6,83-14,88).Conclusiones: En México hubo una disminución de la tasa de mortalidad anual por TBP. Los varones presentaron una mortalidad superior a la de las mujeres. Los individuos que no habían completado los estudios primarios presentaron un riesgo superior de muerte por TBP. Los estados y regiones de México que presentaron una mayor fuerza de asociación con la mortalidad por TBP fueron los de Chiapas y Baja California, regiones 1 y 5

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a world public health problem that still has a high morbidity and mortality rate mainly in countries with significant wealth gaps. Poverty, malnutrition, HIV infection, drug resistance, diabetes and addictions (mainly alcoholism) have been seen to contribute to the persistence of TB as an important health problem in Mexico. Methods: Death certificates associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) for 2000-2009 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. Rates of mortality nationwide, by state, and by socioeconomic region were calculated. The strength of association between states where individuals resided, socioeconomic regions, and education with mortality from PTB was determined. Results: Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants who died from PTB decreased from 4.1 to 2 between 2000 and 2009. Men (67.7%) presented higher mortality than women (32.3%). Individuals failing to complete elementary education presented a higher risk of dying from PTB (RR 1.08 [95% CI: 1.05-1.12]). The socioeconomic region and the entities with the strongest association were region 1, 5, Chiapas and Baja California. Region 1 in 2007 presented RR 7.34 (95% CI: 5.32-10.13), and region 5 in 2009 had RR 10.08 (95% CI: 6.83-14.88). Conclusions: In Mexico, the annual mortality rate from PTB decreased. Men presented higher mortality than women. Individuals failing to complete elementary education showed a higher risk of dying fromPTB. The states and regions of Mexico that presented a stronger association with mortality from PTB were Chiapas and Baja California, region 1 and 5

Mortality trends and risk of dying from pulmonary tuberculosis in the 7 socioeconomic regions and the 32 States of Mexico, 2000-2009.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is a world public health problem that still has a high morbidity and mortality rate mainly in countries with significant wealth gaps. Poverty, malnutrition, HIV infection, drug resistance, diabetes and addictions (mainly alcoholism) have been seen to contribute to the persistence of TB as an important health problem in Mexico. METHODS: Death certificates associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) for 2000-2009 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. Rates of mortality nationwide, by state, and by socioeconomic region were calculated. The strength of association between states where individuals resided, socioeconomic regions, and education with mortality from PTB was determined. RESULTS: Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants who died from PTB decreased from 4.1 to 2 between 2000 and 2009. Men (67.7%) presented higher mortality than women (32.3%). Individuals failing to complete elementary education presented a higher risk of dying from PTB (RR 1.08 [95%CI: 1.05-1.12]). The socioeconomic region and the entities with the strongest association were region 1, 5, Chiapas and Baja California. Region 1 in 2007 presented RR 7.34 (95%CI: 5.32-10.13), and region 5 in 2009 had RR 10.08 (95%CI: 6.83-14.88). CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico, the annual mortality rate from PTB decreased. Men presented higher mortality than women. Individuals failing to complete elementary education showed a higher risk of dying from PTB. The states and regions of Mexico that presented a stronger association with mortality from PTB were Chiapas and Baja California, region 1 and 5.

[Mortality trends and years of potential life lost from prostate cancer in the 32 states and 7 sociecononomic regions of Mexico, 2000-2010]. / Tendencias de mortalidad y años potenciales de vida perdidos por cáncer de próstata en los 32 estados y en las 7 regiones socioeconómicas de México en el periodo 2000-2010.

OBJECTIVE: To determine trends of mortality from prostate cancer (PC) and years of potential life lost (YPLL) by federative entity and by socioeconomic region in the period 2000-2010. METHODS: Records of mortality associated with PC 2000-2010 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography through death certificates issued throughout the country. International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, codes corresponding to the basic cause of death from PC were identified. Rates of mortality nationwide, by state, and by socioeconomic region were calculated. Rates of YPLL were calculated by federative entity and by socioeconomic region. The seven socioeconomic regions were elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography and include the 31 states and Mexico City according to indicators that are related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing, and employment. RESULTS: Raw mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants who died from PC increased from 7.8 to 9.8 between 2000-2010. The states and socioeconomic regions with the higher rates of mortality from PC were Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Colima and regions 6 and 3. The state and socioeconomic regions with higher rate of APVP from PC were Aguascalientes, Nuevo León, Campeche, Baja California Sur, Durango and regions 6, 5, 3, 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: Raw mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants who died from PC increased from 7.8 to 9.8 between 2000-2010. The states and socioeconomic region with the higher mortality rates were Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Colima and regions 6 and 3. Mexico.

Mortality trends from hypertension in Mexico by socioeconomic region and state, 2000-2008.

OBJECTIVE: To determine mortality trends from hypertension in Mexico nationwide, by state, by socioeconomic region, and by sex and to establish an association between education, state of residence, and socioeconomic region with mortality from hypertension in 2000-2008. METHODS: Records of mortality associated with hypertension for 2000-2008 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics through death certificates issued throughout the country. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes corresponding to the basic cause of death from hypertension were identified. Rates of mortality nationwide, by state, and by socioeconomic region were calculated. The strength of association (obtained by Poisson regression) between states where individuals resided, socioeconomic regions, and education with mortality from hypertension was determined. The seven socioeconomic regions were elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics and include the 31 states and Mexico City according to indicators that are related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing, and employment. RESULTS: Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from hypertension than people with more or no education [relative risk (RR) 1.462, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.442-1.482]. Mexico City, Oaxaca, and region 7 had the strongest association with dying from hypertension [Mexico City: RR 2.6, CI 2.1-3.2 (2000) and RR 2.5, CI 2.1-3.1 (2005); Oaxaca: RR 2.4, CI2.0-3.0 (2006) and RR 2.7, CI2.3-3.3 (2008); region 7: RR 1.58, CI 1.45-1.72 (2000) and RR 1.25, CI 1.17-1.34 (2008)]. CONCLUSIONS: Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100 000 inhabitants who died from hypertension increased from 15.7 to 18.5 between 2000 and 2008, taking the world population age distribution as standard. Mortality was higher in women than in men and in individuals who did not complete elementary school than in those with more or no education. The strongest associations were in Mexico City, Oaxaca, and region 7.

[Mortality trends from cervical cancer in the seven socioeconomic regions and the thirty two federative entities of Mexico, 2000-2008]. / Tendencias de mortalidad por cáncer cervicouterino en las siete regiones socioeconómicas y en las 32 entidades federativas de México en los años 2000-2008.

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the trend of mortality from cervical cancer nationwide, by federative entities and socioeconomic regions during the years 2000-2008. METHODS: The records of mortality associated to cervical cancer for the period 2000-2008 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics Geography and Informatics through the death certificates issued all around the country. The codes of the international disease classification 10 that correspond to the basic cause of death from cervical cancer were identified. The rates of mortality nationwide, by federative entity and by socioeconomic region were calculated. Through Poisson regression analysis was compared mortality rates from cervical cancer of the socioeconomic regions and federative entities. The 7 socioeconomic regions were elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics and include the 32 federative entities according to indicators that are related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing and employment. RESULTS: The federative entities and socioeconomic region with the strongest association with mortality from cervical cancer in the period 2000-2008 were Colima (RR: 1.67, IC 95%: 1.11-2.25 for the year 2000; RR: 1.92, IC 95%: 1.29-2.85 for the year 2008); Veracruz (RR: 1.85,IC 95%: 1.51-2.27 for 2000; RR: 1.91, IC 95%: 1.55-2.35 for 2008); Yucatan (RR: 2.24, IC 95%: 1.74-2.88 for 2000; RR:1.90, IC 95%: 1.44-2.49 for 2008); and region 1 (RR: 1.41, IC 95%: 1.23-1.6 for 2001; RR: 1.38, IC 95%: 1.2-1.58 for 2007).In this region for the year 2000 and 2008 the RR was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates per 100,000 women standardized using the world population decreased from 13.3 to 8.6 in the period 2000-2008. The entities and region with the strongest force of association with mortality due to cervical cancer were Colima, Veracruz,Yucatan and region 1.

Mortality trends from diabetes mellitus in the seven socioeconomic regions of Mexico, 2000-2007 / Tendencias de la mortalidad por diabetes mellitus en las siete regiones socioeconómicas de México, 2000-2007

OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in mortality from diabetes mellitus nationwide according to federative entity, socioeconomic region, and sex and to establish the association between education level, federation entity of residence, and socioeconomic region and mortality from diabetes in Mexico during the years 2000-2007. METHODS: Records of mortality associated with diabetes for 2000-2007 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics through death certificates. Codes of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, that correspond to the basic cause of death from diabetes mellitus were identified. Rates of mortality by federative entity and socioeconomic region were calculated, along with the strength of association (obtained by Poisson regression) between federative entity of residence, socioeconomic region, and education level and mortality from diabetes. The seven socioeconomic regions elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics include the 32 federative entities according to indicators related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing, and employment. RESULTS: Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from diabetes (relative risk [RR] 2.104, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 2.089-2.119). The federative entity and socioeconomic region with the strongest association with mortality from diabetes were Mexico City (RR 2.5, CI 2.33-2.68 for 2000; RR 2.06, CI 1.95-2.18 for 2007) and region 7 (RR 2.47, CI 2.36-2.57 for 2000; RR 2.05, CI 1.98-2.13 for 2007). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates increased from 77.9 to 89.2 per 100 000 inhabitants in the period 2000-2007. Women had higher mortality than men. Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from diabetes (RR 2.104, CI 2.089-2.119). Mexico City as federative entity and socioeconomic region 7 presented the strongest association with mortality from diabetes.

OBJETIVO: Determinar las tendencias de mortalidad por diabetes mellitus en México, en función de cada entidad federativa, región socioeconómica y sexo, y establecer la relación entre el nivel de educación, la entidad federativa de residencia y la región socioeconómica, y la mortalidad por diabetes durante el período 2000-2007. MÉTODOS. Los datos de mortalidad asociada a la diabetes correspondientes a los años 2000 y 2007 se obtuvieron del Sistema Nacional de Información de la Secretaría de Salud; esta información es generada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía a partir de los certificados de defunción. Se determinaron los códigos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, 10.ª Revisión, que corresponden a la diabetes mellitus como principal causa de muerte. Se calculó la mortalidad por entidad federativa y región socioeconómica, junto con la fuerza de asociación (mediante la regresión de Poisson) entre la entidad federativa de residencia, la región socioeconómica y el nivel de educación, y la mortalidad por diabetes. El Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Geografía agrupa las 32 entidades federativas en siete regiones socioeconómicas conforme a los indicadores relativos al bienestar, tales como educación, ocupación, salud, vivienda y empleo. RESULTADOS: Las personas que no finalizaron la escuela primaria están expuestas a un riesgo mayor de morir por diabetes (riesgo relativo [RR] 2 104; intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento [IC] 2 089-2 119). La asociación de mayor fuerza con la mortalidad por diabetes se registró en la ciudad de México (RR 2,5; IC 2,33-2,68 en el 2000; RR 2,06; IC 1,95-2,18 en el 2007) y en la región socioeconómica 7 (RR 2,47; IC 2,36-2,57 en el 2000; RR 2,05; IC 1,98-2,13 en el 2007). CONCLUSIONES: Las tasas de mortalidad aumentaron de 77,9 a 89,2 por 100 000 habitantes en el período 2000-2007 y fueron más altas entre las mujeres que entre los hombres. Las personas que no finalizaron la escuela primaria tuvieron un riesgo mayor de morir por diabetes (RR 2,104; IC 2,089-2,119). La entidad federativa de la ciudad de México y la región socioeconómica 7 presentaron la asociación de mayor fuerza con la mortalidad por diabetes.

Mortality trends from diabetes mellitus in the seven socioeconomic regions of Mexico, 2000-2007.

OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in mortality from diabetes mellitus nationwide according to federative entity, socioeconomic region, and sex and to establish the association between education level, federation entity of residence, and socioeconomic region and mortality from diabetes in Mexico during the years 2000-2007. METHODS: Records of mortality associated with diabetes for 2000-2007 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics through death certificates. Codes of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, that correspond to the basic cause of death from diabetes mellitus were identified. Rates of mortality by federative entity and socioeconomic region were calculated, along with the strength of association (obtained by Poisson regression) between federative entity of residence, socioeconomic region, and education level and mortality from diabetes. The seven socioeconomic regions elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics include the 32 federative entities according to indicators related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing, and employment. RESULTS: Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from diabetes (relative risk [RR] 2.104, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.089-2.119). The federative entity and socioeconomic region with the strongest association with mortality from diabetes were Mexico City (RR 2.5, CI 2.33-2.68 for 2000; RR 2.06, CI 1.95-2.18 for 2007) and region 7 (RR 2.47, CI 2.36-2.57 for 2000; RR 2.05, CI 1.98-2.13 for 2007). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates increased from 77.9 to 89.2 per 100,000 inhabitants in the period 2000-2007. Women had higher mortality than men. Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from diabetes (RR 2.104, CI 2.089-2.119). Mexico City as federative entity and socioeconomic region 7 presented the strongest association with mortality from diabetes.

[Performance of ischemic heart disease mortality in Mexico in the period 2000-2007]. / Comportamiento de la mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica en México en el periodo 2000-2007.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the behaviour of mortality due to ischemic cardiopathy in Mexico during the years 2000 through 2007. METHODS: The codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10 that correspond to the ischemic cardiopathy were identified. The rates of mortality nationwide, by federative entity, and by socioeconomic region as well as by degree of education, type of job, and public health services entitlement, were determined. Likewise, the strength of association by means of the regression of Poisson among federative entities, socioeconomic regions where individuals resided in, and mortality by ischemic cardiopathy were also determinated. RESULTS: Of the studied population (397,934), the majority were retirees and pensioners 230,976 (58 %), had incomplete elementary education 167945 (42.2 %), and were not entitled to a public health institution 152787 (38.4 %). The federative entities and the socioeconomic region with the highest strength of association between mortality and ischemic cardiopathy were Chihuahua 2000 (RR = 2.6, CI 95 % = 2.4 - 2.8), 2007 (RR = 1.9, CI 95 % = 1.8 -2) and Region 7, 2000 (RR 2.6, CI 95 % = 2.5 - 2.7), 2007 (RR 2.3, CI 95 % = 95 % 2.2 - 2.4), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality was higher among males. The majority were retirees and pensioners, had incomplete elementary school, and were not entitled to any public health institution. The entity and region that presented the highest strength of association between mortality and isquemic cardiopathy were Chihuahua and region 7.

Relation of antimyocardium antibodies to mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Antimyocardium antibodies (AMA) have been observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). At present it is unknown if these AMA play a role in the pathogenesis of acute or chronic myocardial damage or if they are only produced as a result of tissue destruction, disappearing later without clinical manifestations. However, some studies have shown that patients with AMI and AMA have higher possibilities of presenting heart failure and death. The aim of the present study was to determine if there is an association (odds ratio, OR) between AMA and death in patients with AMI. METHODS: The design was a cross-sectional study. One hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction were recruited consecutively at the Coronary Care Unit of the Hospital de Especialidades at La Raza National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City. IgG antimyocardium antibodies were identified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA). RESULTS: Of the 100 patients studied, 81 were males and 19 females, with an average age of 58 +/- 11 years. Of the population studied, 44% showed AMA. It was observed that patients with positive AMA had an OR for heart failure of 3.40 (CI 95% 0.97-12.5, p = 0.06) and for death of 7.94 (CI 95%, 1.49-56.1, p = 0.003). This variable was analyzed with other confounding variables using logistic regression, and an OR of 11.8 (CI 95% 1.63-86.3, p = 0.001) was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: AMAs were an independent predictive factor for mortality in patients with AMI.

[Antibodies against Chlamydophila in patients with acute myocardial infarction and coronary risk and their association with mortality]. / Anticuerpos contra Chlamydophila en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio y riesgo coronario, y su relación con la muerte.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to determine whether antibodies against Chlamydophila pneumoniae in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and coronary risk factors are associated with death. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 patients hospitalized in the Coronary Unit of Centro Medico La Raza Hospital of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, between 1999 and 2000. Subjects were males and females older than 18 years, diagnosed with AMI and coronary risk. Antibodies against Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psitacii and Chlamydia trachomatis were measured using an indirect microinmunofluorescence assay. In addition, blood samples from 33 patients from the original group were taken when the patients were discharged from the hospital,and 3 months after their myocardial infarction. Data analysis consisted of geometric means and standard deviations as well as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Seventy percent of patients presented antibodies against Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Antibodies against Chlamydophila psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis were not identified. No statistically significant association was found between antibodies and death in these patients with coronary risk factors and AMI. In the subgroup of 33 individuals 25 had antibodies against Chlamydophila pneumoniae and in 83% of them antibodies decreased three months after the AMI event. CONCLUSIONS: Even though patients with coronary risk factors and AMI had an increased seropositivity for Chlamydophila pneumoniae it was not significantly associated with death.